البحرية االنكليزية في عهد الملكة اليزابيث األولى 1558-1603

Abstract

The two kings Henry VII (1485-1509) and Henry VIII (1509-1547) are considered the real founders of the English navy and the builders of its foundations.
The improvements introduced to the industry of ships weapons and naval ad-ministration during their era were main cause of enabling the English marines to achieve evident deeds at Elizabeth's era.
When England started to look forward to participate in the world trade overseas, it relied on its traders' efforts rather than its direct royal command as happened in Portugal, since the commerce system with the foreign nations was undertaken by big commercial companies such as wool traders company and adventurer traders company etc.
In fact, the pirates of Manish sea (English channel) who were engaged in plun-dering Portuguese commercial ships loaded with precious shipping's from Lishepo-na to the low lands were the direct ancestors of the adventurer seamen at Eliza-beth's era. The English navy, however, did not show up as a formal patriot force but in 1660 after the Royalty came back to England represented by the king Charles II (1660-1685).
The historians, therefore, consider this age as the most important one in the general history of Britain's, because its reforms and changes were great in forming the English ethics and building the modern system of their state. When Elizabeth I assumed power, England was very weak in the naval and combat aspect in that it can't drive any outside attack back.
She, however, could get the peace back to inside England who she suppressed all revolutions that broke out during her long rule, and put out the religious disputes by strengthening the English Church and guaranteeing its superiority she also could reorganize and reinforce the combat fleet which led greatly to facilate the English trade all over the world.